Which germ is the leading cause of diarrheal illness outbreaks linked to treated pools?
- Legionella
- Cryptosporidium
- Pseudomonas
- Staphylococcus
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B. Cryptosporidium
Cryptosporidium ('Crypto') causes most pool-related diarrheal outbreaks because normal chlorine levels do not kill it quickly. Legionella and Pseudomonas cause respiratory and skin illness instead.
Reference: PHTA Pool & Spa Operator Handbook, recreational water illness chapter; CDC Healthy Swimming
Why can Cryptosporidium spread even in a well-run chlorinated pool?
- It multiplies rapidly in warm water with chlorine
- It is too small to be affected by any chemical disinfectant
- Its tough outer shell lets it survive chlorine for days
- It hides inside chloramines and avoids free chlorine
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C. Its tough outer shell lets it survive chlorine for days
The Crypto oocyst has a protective shell and can survive for days at normal free chlorine levels. It does not multiply in pool water; it is shed by infected swimmers.
Reference: PHTA Pool & Spa Operator Handbook, recreational water illness chapter; CDC Healthy Swimming
Which patron behavior does the most to prevent recreational water illness?
- Wearing goggles and ear plugs while swimming
- Staying out of the water when ill with diarrhea
- Swimming only at the deep end of the pool
- Waiting thirty minutes after eating to swim
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B. Staying out of the water when ill with diarrhea
Most outbreaks start with a swimmer who has diarrhea shedding germs into the water, so keeping ill swimmers out is the key step. Goggles protect eyes but do not stop germs spreading.
Reference: PHTA Pool & Spa Operator Handbook, recreational water illness chapter; CDC Healthy Swimming